In any event, they set about strengthening the defensive walls of the city. Many Athenians, Demosthenes among them, relied on the Persians for support. In the first few years after the battle, however, they and the anti-Macedonian faction led by Demosthenes clearly retained some hope of regaining influence for Athens. They recognized the necessity of accommodating Macedonian wishes.
Philip did not even station a garrison in Attica, but rather was satisfied to place one in the Kadmeia at Thebes.Īlthough Demades, the orator, negotiated these terms, the main leaders of Athens after Chaironeia came to be Lykourgos, an expert in finance, and Phokion, general and statesman. Piérart, ed., Aristote et Athènes 295-296 and n. Knoepfler argues that it was not Philip in the year 338, but Alexander in 335, who returned Oropos to Athenian control (in M. IG II 329 (= Heisserer 3-26) apparently preserves a small part of Alexander's alliance with Athens and the Greek states that was concluded soon after his accession to power. As party to the peace pact and to the league, the Athenians had to agree to furnish ships and cavalry to Philip (Plutarch Phokion 16.4-5). 177 = Heisserer 8-16) preserves part of the oath sworn by the cities in their treaty with Philip after Chaironeia. He also agreed to return Oropos to Athenian control but took the Chersonese for Macedonia. In return, the Athenians had to disband their confederacy and make alliance with Philip, thereby recognizing his power. He refrained from marching on Attica and returned all Athenian prisoners without ransom. In the aftermath of his victory at Chaironeia in 338, Philip treated Athens leniently, perhaps influenced by the intellectual achievements of the Athenians, but more probably out of the realization that Athens still had significant naval power. This ascendancy of Macedonia to the leadership of Greece forever changed the political situation and, though most Greeks were naturally unable to see it at the time, made powerful city-states a thing of the past. Indeed, by late summer he was made general by the congress of the Greek states at Corinth and in his father's place led the Greek invasion against Persia. Philip's murder in the summer of 336 created no fundamental change in this general situation rather it solidified Alexander's position by allowing him quickly both to discern his possible enemies and to bring them firmly under his control. Indeed, the league of Corinth had voted to wage war against the Persians with Philip, king of the Macedonians, at its head. The once-powerful city-states now found themselves under the domination of the kingdom of Macedonia. The battle of Chaironeia marked a significant break in the affairs of Greece.
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